Piotr Krol - Linear Polyurethanes: Synthesis Methods, Chemical Structures, Properties and Applications

Description

“After having analysed some selected process related issues within polyurethane
plastics, I entirely agree with the opinion presented in the
monograph by G. Oertel [2] which is known to all skilled in that fi eld.
According to that view, the history of polyurethanes may be organised
into the following periods of time: years 1937–1962, when the
chemical grounds for polyurethanes were studied, the manufacturing
methods for the most important feedstocks were learned, and so were
the principal production processes for foamed urethanes, elastomers
and polyurethane coatings; and years 1963–1987, when further major
progress was made in the polyurethane industry, inter alia owing to the
RIM method which was just implemented. Late 80’s and the 90’s of the
twentieth century—that is the time of further expansion of polyurethane
plastics as construction materials predominantly for the automotive and
building industries, which became possible after diisocyanate MDI and
a vast range of polyethers produced from relatively cheap derivatives
of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide were marketed. On the other
hand, fi rst serious refl ections were reported in just that period of time
on environmental impacts resulting from the use of freons as effi cient
but environmentally noxious blowing agents for foamed polyurethanes,
and on toxic properties of volatile diisocyanate feedstocks. Moreover,
the need was noticed of developing the process(es) for safe utilisation
of spent polyurethane foams—it is just polyurethane foams and
foamed elastomers that make about 80 % of the produced volume
of polyurethane plastics. New kinds of diisocyanates, more resistant
to photo-degradation, were also marketed at that time, like IPDI and
HMDI, which made some outlets for polyurethanes (lacquers and coatings)
even more attractive.”
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