[share_ebook] Parallel Algorithms and Cluster Computing.Timothy J. Barth.Springer.2006

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Parallel Algorithms and Cluster Computing_Implementations,Algorithms and Applications Editors Timothy J. Barth Michael Griebel David E. Keyes Risto M. Nieminen Dirk Roose Tamar Schlick Publisher: Springer 2006 Pages: 366 ISBN-10 3-540-33539-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-33539-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Preface High performance computing has changed the way in which science progresses. During the last 20 years the increase in computing power, the development of effective algorithms, and the application of these tools in the area of physics and engineering has been decisive in the advancement of our technological world. These abilities have allowed to treat problems with a complexity which had been out of reach for analytical approaches. While the increase in performance of single processes has been immense the increase of massive parallel computing as well as the advent of cluster computers has opened up the possibilities to study realistic systems. This book presents major advances in high performance computing as well as major advances due to high performance computing. The progress made during the last decade rests on the achievements in three distinct science areas. Open and pressing problems in physics and mechanical engineering are the driving force behind the development of new tools and new approaches in these science areas. The treatment of complex physical systems with frustration and disorder, the analysis of the elastic and non-elastic movement of solids as well as the analysis of coupled fluid systems, pose problems which are open to a numerical analysis only with state of the art computing power and algorithms. The desire of scientific accuracy and quantitative precision leads to an enormous demand in computing power. Asking the right questions in these areas lead to new insights which have not been available due to other means like experimental measurements. The second area which is decisive for effective high performance computing is a realm of effective algorithms. Using the right mathematical approach to the solution of a science problem posed in the form of a mathematical model is as crucial as asking the proper science question. For instance in the area of fluid dynamics or mechanical engineering the appropriate approach by finite element methods has led to new developments like adaptive methods or wavelet techniques for boundary elements. The third pillar on which high performance computing rests is computer science. Having asked the proper physics question and having developed an appropriate effective mathematical algorithm for its solution it is the implementation of that algorithm in an effective parallel fashion on appropriate hardware which then leads to the desired solutions. Effective parallel algorithms are the central key to achieving the necessary numerical performance which is needed to deal with the scientific questions asked. The adaptive load balancing which makes optimal use of the available hardware as well as the development of effective data transfer protocols and mechanisms have been developed and optimized. This book gives a collection of papers in which the results achieved in the collaboration of colleagues from the three fields are presented. The collaboration took place within the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 393 at the Chemnitz University of Technology. From the science problems to the mathematical algorithms and on to the effective implementation of these algorithms on massively parallel and cluster computers we present state of the art technology. We highlight the connections between the fields and different work packages which let to the results presented in the science papers. Our presentation starts with the Implementation section. We begin with a view on the implementation characteristics of highly parallelized programs, go on to specifics of FEM and quantum mechanical codes and then turn to some general aspects of postprocessing, which is usually needed to analyse the obtained data further. The second section is devoted to Algorithms. The main focus is on FEM algorithms, starting with a discussion on efficient preconditioners. Then the focus is on a central aspect of FEM codes, the aspect ratio, and on problems and solutions to non-matching meshes at domain boundaries. The Algorithm section ends with discussing adaptive FEM methods in the context of elastoplastic deformations and a view on wavelet methods for boundary value problems. The Applications section starts with a focus on disordered systems, discussing phase transitions in classical as well as in quantum systems. We then turn to the realm of atomic organization for amorphous carbons and for heterophase interphases in Titanium-Silicon systems. Methods used in classical as well as in quantum mechanical systems are presented.We finish by a glance on fluid dynamics applications presenting an analysis of Lyapunov instabilities for Lenard-Jones fluids. While the topics presented cover a wide range the common background is the need for and the progress made in high performance parallel and cluster computing. Chemnitz Karl Heinz Hoffmann March 2006 Arnd Meyer

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