[share_ebook] Manual Of Optical Mineralogy

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Preface

Optical mineralogy forms a major part of most university courses in geology, and is a pre-requisite for petrography. In order to cover all those aspects of crystallography, theory, technique, procedure, and systematics used in the practice of the subject, most teachers find it necessary to recommend several texts. These not only prove expensive to the student, but are often rather too detailed and abstruse for practical work. The prime intention of this book, therefore, is to provide a handy one-volume reference to all the information normally required in the laboratory; it is hoped that the book will be useful as such for all stages of undergraduate and later work.

Many students find difficulty with their microscope work, and are not helped by the many texts in which principles and techniques are almost irretrievably mixed. In this book, the underlying principles are separated from the laboratory techniques; also separately described are the laboratory procedures that should enable the student to develop an efficient but rigorous routine for identifying minerals.

In attempting to explain optical theory it is easy to lose sight of the prime purpose of the exercise, that is to identify minerals successfully. All texts written for mineralogists have simplified theory to some extent, and here it is kept to the bare essentials necessary for understanding the interrelationships of optics and crystallography. hence, anisotropic minerals are discussed solely in terms of the uniaxial and biaxial indicatrices, no reference being made to wave-front theory.

Chapter 4 explains the standard techniques used to identify minerals in general petrographic work; included is a section on universal-stage methods. The techniques for thin-section work and grain-mount studies are treated separately where they differ significantly.

Each mineral described in Chapter 7 is assigned a number in order of description, and this facilitates rapid cross-reference between the descriptions and Determinative Tables of Chapter 6. The mineralogical data have been brought up to date as far as possible by reference to the literature through Mineralogical Abstracts. However, data appertaining to mineralogical oddities which distort the normal ranges of properties have been omitted. In general, the depth of treatment is that considered suitable for undergraduate and routine petrographic work. Information on dispersion in minerals has been omitted since in my experience, very few workers use this property foridentification. More orientat-ion diarams than usual are provided. These are designed to help and encourage the student to check the properties of minerals in several orientations. Except for a few minerals such œs the feldspars, information on paragenesis is brief, this being a subject more appropriately dealt with in petrological or theoretical mineralogy texts.

Three more theoretical texts that are thoroughly recommended to students as supplements to this book are An Introduetion to Crystallography by F.C. Phillips (1971), Optical Crystallography by E.E. Wahlstrom (1969), and An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals by W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman (1966).

lnevitably, a book such as this owes a eonsidemble debt to the many mineralogists and petrographers whose data have been compiled here. Acknowledgement to all is impossible, and is made only where diarams have beep taken directly from their work. I shottld like to thank Dr. G.J, van der T Lingen and Dr. J. Bradshaw for commenting on some parts of the text, and eespecial thanks go to Lee Leonard for draughting all the figures.

October 1974 DAVID SHELLEY

 

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