[share_ebook] О ловкости и ее развитии / About dexterity and its development
Author: Бернштейн Н. А. / О ловкости и ее развитии
Date: 1991
ISBN: 5—278—00339—1
Pages: 284
Publisher: Физкультура и спорт
Category: Medical
Tag: Health
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Description

Книга о процессе эволюции активных целеустремленных систем. О том, что процессы нашей жизни есть не «уравновешивание с окружающей средой», а преодоление этой среды.
Автор этой книги Николай Александрович Бернштейн (1896—1966 гг.) — выдающийся ученый, член-корреспондент Академии медицинских наук СССР, лауреат Государственной премии СССР, создатель нового направления в науке — физиологии активности, первооткрыватель ряда ее законов.
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Bernstein (1896-1966) — the outstanding scientist, the corresponding member of Academy of medical sciences of the USSR, the winner of the State award of the USSR, the founder of a new direction in a science — activity physiology, the pioneer of some its laws.
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Bernstein (1896-1966) — the outstanding scientist, the corresponding member of Academy of medical sciences of the USSR, the winner of the State award of the USSR, the founder of a new direction in a science — activity physiology, the pioneer of some its laws.

Книга создавалась в конце 1940-х годов. Но свет не увидела: ее автора обвинили в космополитизме, вульгаризаторстве, сочинении лженаучных теорий и книгу к производству не допустили. И вот теперь работа эта впервые попадает в руки читателей. Хотя со времени ее написания минуло более четырех десятков лет, она современна и во многом попрежнему оригинальна.
В основе всего научного творчества Н. А. Бернштейна лежит его новое понимание жизнедеятельности организма. Организм рассматривается им не как пассивная реактивная система, отвечающая на внешние стимулы и приспосабливающаяся к условиям среды (так считали мыслители периода «классического» механицизма в физиологии), а как созданная в процессе эволюции активная целеустремленная система. Действия этого организма направлены каждый раз на удовлетворение своих потребностей, на достижение определенной цели, которую Н. А. Бернштейн образно назвал «моделью потребного будущего». Иначе говоря, процесс жизни есть не «уравновешивание с окружающей средой», а преодоление этой среды. Он направлен не на сохранение статуса, а на движение в сторону родовой программы развития и самообеспечения. Таким образом, живой организм — это противящаяся энтропии, негэнтропийная система.
The book was created in the late forties. But light has not seen: its author have accused of cosmopolitism, vulgarity, the composition of pseudoscientific theories and the book to manufacture have not admitted. And here now this work comes into the hands for the first time of readers. Though since its writing has passed more than four tens years, it is modern and in many respects to the former is original.
At the heart of N.A.Bernstein's all scientific creativity its new understanding of ability to live of an organism lies. The organism is considered by it not as the passive jet system answering external stimulus and adapting to conditions of environment (so thinkers of the period "classical mechanical" in physiology considered), and as the active purposeful system created in the course of evolution. Actions of this organism are directed each time on satisfaction of the requirements, on achievement of a definite purpose which N.A.Bernstein figuratively named «model the future needed». In other words, life process is not «an equilibration with environment», and overcoming of this environment. It is directed not on status preservation, and on movement towards the patrimonial program of development and self-maintenance. Thus, the live organism is opposing to entropy, negentropy system.
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Рекомендую прочитать также книгу автора по биомеханике "О построении движений":
http://rapidshare.com/files/165360685/Bernshtain.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/165360685/Bernshtain.rar
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